Over the past decade, the amount of waste generated has significantly increased and turned out to be the most baffling issue globally. Waste generation has noticed a progressive trend line parallel to the advancement and development of industrialization, urbanization, and rapid growth of population. While countries like Canada, United States, and many European countries rank on top in terms of the amount of waste produced, scientists and researchers are finding new techniques and methodologies to collect, segregate, recycle and manage the waste. Waste management is a crucial system for the survival and sustainability of humankind, animals, and the environment. Recent innovations and advancements in IoT technologies revolutionized waste management operations through intelligent monitoring, route optimization, and data analytics. Thus, waste management companies such as Veolia, Suez Environment, Remondis are taking advantage of such network infrastructure, electronic sensors, data visualization platforms to make data-driven resolutions. A good example of IoT-based technologies used in the market is smart garbage bins (SGBs), which combine Artificial intelligence-based recognition and data processing systems to manage waste more efficiently.

The most common IoT application in waste management is automated route optimization. Routing constitutes the pathway between the locations of origin and destination for the trucks. Thus, scheduling the defined routes for trucks transversal during the waste collection process would eventually help monitor the trucks, but this method came with a caveat. As in most places, there is no well-organized system in scheduling trucks for waste collection. It turned out to be an expensive practice to implement and raised serious consequences on business operations and public health. Later on, researchers had developed an optimal design system through advanced software, mathematical programming approaches to overcome problems associated